AML fines almost always stem from systemic, multi-year failures, weak KYC/CDD, missed suspicious-activity reporting, poor transaction monitoring, and inadequate internal controls. Landmark cases include HSBC ($1.9B, 2012), Danske Bank ($2B, 2022), Binance ($4.3B, 2023), the largest crypto AML penalty on record, and TD Bank ($3.09B, 2024), the largest-ever penalty under the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act. [...